"From Nigeria to Malcolm X: The Transatlantic Legacy of Malcolm Little [ Malcolm X ] , Born to Louise Little, Born To Ella Langdon, Daughter of a Nigerian Woman " .



"From Nigeria to Malcolm X: The Transatlantic Legacy of Malcolm Little [ Malcolm X ] , Born to Louise Little, Born To Ella Langdon, Daughter of a Nigerian Woman".


Louise Little [ Malcolm X's mother  ]

Louise Little (1897-1989)


Louise Little, born Louise Helen Norton in 1897 in La Digue, St. Andrew Parish, Grenada, was an influential figure in the early 20th-century African-American civil rights movement and the mother of Malcolm X. Her life and activism were profoundly shaped by her diverse heritage and personal experiences.


Early Life and Heritage

Louise Little was born to Ella Langdon, who was of Afro-Grenadian descent. Ella Langdon herself was the daughter of a Nigerian woman who had been enslaved and brought to Grenada. This Nigerian lineage provided Louise with a direct connection to the African continent, influencing her cultural identity and activism.


Activism and the Garvey Movement

Louise's political awakening and activism were significantly influenced by her involvement in the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), founded by Marcus Garvey. The UNIA advocated for the social, economic, and political empowerment of people of African descent worldwide. As a dedicated Garveyite, Louise worked to promote Garvey's message of black pride, self-reliance, and Pan-Africanism.


Life in the United States

Louise emigrated to Canada before moving to the United States, where she married Earl Little, a Baptist minister and fellow Garveyite. The couple settled in Omaha, Nebraska, and later in Lansing, Michigan, and had eight children, including Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little in 1925.


The Little family's life was marked by racial violence and harassment due to their civil rights activism. Earl Little's outspoken support for Garveyism and his efforts to promote black self-sufficiency made him a target of white supremacist groups, including the Ku Klux Klan. In 1931, Earl Little's life was tragically cut short under suspicious circumstances, believed to be a lynching orchestrated by local racists.


Influence on Malcolm X

Following her husband's death, Louise Little faced significant hardships, including economic struggles and systemic racism. Her resilience and commitment to her children's education and well-being left an indelible mark on Malcolm X. Louise instilled in Malcolm a sense of racial pride and an understanding of the importance of standing up against injustice.


Despite her efforts, Louise's life took a tragic turn when she was institutionalized for mental health issues in 1939, partly due to the severe pressures and traumas she endured. She remained in a mental institution for over 25 years, until her release in the early 1960s.


Legacy

Louise Little's legacy is deeply intertwined with that of her son, Malcolm X, whose fight for civil rights and black empowerment drew heavily on the principles she imparted. Her life story is a testament to the resilience and strength of black women in the face of oppression and a reminder of the significant contributions of the African diaspora to the global struggle for justice and equality.


References

Marable, M. (2011). Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention. Viking.

Perry, B. (1991). Malcolm: The Life of a Man Who Changed Black America. Station Hill Press.

Malcolm X, & Haley, A. (1965). The Autobiography of Malcolm X. Grove Press.

Clarke, J. H. (1990). Malcolm X: The Man and His Times. Macmillan.

Garvey, M. (1923). Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey. Universal Publishing House.


Olofin



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