FBI's Crime Data Explorer and the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) crimes committed in the U.S. by ethnicity and race, detailed data by nationality is not as readily available.
Crimes Committed by Race or Ethnicity (USA)
White Offenders
- White offenders are involved in the highest number of violent crimes in the U.S. (2.25 million violent incidents in 2018), accounting for 56% of violent incidents involving a single offender.
- In terms of property crimes, white offenders are similarly prominent, with a significant portion of theft and burglary incidents.
Black Offenders
- Black offenders are involved in 980,000 violent crime incidents (about 22% of single-offender incidents). A disproportionate number of violent crimes involving multiple offenders involve Black offenders (43%).
- The rate of violent victimization is significantly higher for Black individuals compared to white or Hispanic individuals.
Hispanic Offenders
- Hispanic offenders are involved in 560,000 violent crime incidents. Hispanic offenders are reported in 1.4 million incidents involving violent crime, though their involvement tends to be somewhat less than white or Black offenders.
- Similarly, Hispanic offenders are implicated in significant property crimes, especially in areas with high immigrant populations.
Asian and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander Offenders
- Incidents involving Asian offenders account for around 78,700 violent crimes, or 1.1 per offender. Their involvement is notably lower than white and Black offenders.
- This group also has lower reported violent victimization rates compared to Black or Hispanic populations.
American Indian/Alaska Native Offenders
- American Indian or Alaska Native offenders are involved in around 64,700 violent crimes. Their rate of criminal involvement is lower, but this community has a disproportionate rate of violent victimization.
Hate Crimes by Ethnicity and Race
- Hate crimes often target individuals based on ethnicity, race, religion, or other characteristics. In 2023, 10,627 hate crime incidents were reported, with a significant portion targeting Black, Hispanic, and Jewish individuals.
Key Considerations
- Crime by Race vs. Crime by Nationality: While race-based data is readily available, crime committed based on specific nationalities (e.g., crimes committed by individuals from particular countries) is less frequently reported in the U.S. Instead, nationalities are often grouped under broader racial or ethnic categories.
- Underreporting: Crime involving non-citizens, particularly immigrant groups, may be underreported or classified differently in federal datasets.
For more detailed and up-to-date data, you can explore these sources directly:
- FBI's Crime Data Explorer: FBI UCR Program.
- Bureau of Justice Statistics: BJS Reports.
Nuances in Data Representation:
- Mixed Race Individuals:
- Often categorized under "Black" even where/ if African ancestry is present or not, inflating the Black crime rate.
- Cultural Differences:
- Some ethnic groups within broader racial categories (e.g., South Asians categorized as Asian) may have lower or higher crime rates.
- Underreporting:
- Crimes committed by or against marginalized groups may be underreported due to systemic factors or mistrust of law enforcement.
Racial/Ethnic Classifications and Nuances
The FBI and Bureau of Justice Statistics categorize individuals broadly:
- White: Includes those of European, Middle Eastern, or North African descent.
- Black: Encompasses individuals of African descent as well as some mixed-race individuals.
- Hispanic: Refers to individuals of any race with origins in Spanish-speaking countries.
- Asian: Includes East Asian, South Asian, and Pacific Islander populations.
- American Indian/Alaska Native: Indigenous peoples of the Americas.
Violent Crime Rates by Population Ratio
To calculate, we use the approximate U.S. population for each racial/ethnic group in 2018:
- White (non-Hispanic): ~197 million
- Black: ~44 million
- Hispanic: ~59 million
- Asian: ~19 million
- American Indian/Alaska Native: ~5 million
Per Capita Crime Calculation:
- White:
≈ 1 violent crime incident per 88 individuals. - Black:
≈ 1 violent crime incident per 45 individuals. - Hispanic:
≈ 1 violent crime incident per 105 individuals. - Asian:
≈ 1 violent crime incident per 244 individuals. - American Indian/Alaska Native:
≈ 1 violent crime incident per 77 individuals.
Explanation of Trends
White and Black Offenders:
- White offenders account for the largest number of violent crimes, consistent with their majority population.
- Black offenders commit violent crimes at a higher per capita rate (1 per 45 individuals) than other groups, likely reflecting socio-economic and systemic disparities.
Hispanic Offenders:
- Despite being a large demographic, the Hispanic violent crime rate (1 per 105 individuals) is lower than both White and Black populations.
Asian Offenders:
- Asians have the lowest per capita rate (1 per 244 individuals), aligning with other metrics showing lower crime rates and victimization in this group.
American Indian/Alaska Native Offenders:
- While the total number is small, the per capita rate is relatively high, highlighting challenges faced by this group, including systemic inequities and higher victimization rates.
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