A Basic Introductory List of Crimes and Their Corresponding Punishments Under Sharia Law, as Derived from Islamic Jurisprudence and Interpretations of the Quran and Hadith

"One word must not be added or deleted," - Qur’an. 
 


Sharia law, derived from the Quran, Hadith (sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad), and supplemented by secondary sources such as Ijma (consensus of scholars) and Qiyas (analogical reasoning), governs various aspects of life in Islamic societies. 

The following outlines crimes and their prescribed punishments under Sharia law:

Hudud (Fixed Punishments)

  1. Theft (Sariqa)

    • Punishment: Amputation of the hand (if the stolen amount meets the nisab threshold and conditions are met).

  2. Highway Robbery (Hirabah)

    • Punishment: Death, crucifixion, amputation of alternate limbs, or exile (depending on severity and specific circumstances).

  3. Adultery (Zina)

    • For unmarried persons: 100 lashes.
    • For married persons: Death by stoning (requires confession or testimony of four male eyewitnesses).

  4. False Accusation of Zina (Qadhf)

    • Punishment: 80 lashes (unless the accuser provides four male eyewitnesses).

  5. Apostasy (Riddah)

    • Punishment: Death (for those who leave Islam and persist after being given a chance to repent).

  6. Consumption of Alcohol (Khamr)

    • Punishment: 40 to 80 lashes (varies by juristic school).

  7. Rebellion or Treason (Baghy)

    • Punishment: Death or other penalties based on the threat posed.

Qisas (Retaliatory Punishments)

  1. Murder

    • Punishment: Retaliatory death penalty (unless forgiven by the victim’s family in exchange for blood money/diya or pardon).

  2. Injury

    • Punishment: Equivalent physical injury or payment of blood money (diya).

Ta’zir (Discretionary Punishments)

  1. Bribery

    • Punishment: Imprisonment, fines, or flogging.

  2. Cheating in Trade

    • Punishment: Fines or imprisonment.

  3. Public Indecency

    • Punishment: Flogging or imprisonment.

  4. Forgery

    • Punishment: Imprisonment or fines.

  5. Insulting Religious Sanctities

    • Punishment: Flogging, imprisonment, or other discretionary punishments.

  6. Abuse or Harm to Animals

    • Punishment: Restitution, fines, or discretionary penalties.

Extended Crimes and Punishments

  1. Blasphemy (Sab al-Rasul or Sab Allah)

    • Punishment: Death (for insults against Allah, the Prophet Muhammad, or sacred Islamic symbols).

  2. Sorcery/Witchcraft (Sihr)

    • Punishment: Death (if proven by evidence of harm or confession).

  3. Usury/Interest (Riba)

    • Punishment: Confiscation of illicit gains and discretionary penalties (fines or imprisonment).

  4. Homosexual Acts (Liwat or Musahaqa)

    • Punishment: Death, flogging, or other penalties depending on the interpretation and circumstances.

  5. Prostitution

    • Punishment: 100 lashes for unmarried individuals or death by stoning for married individuals (similar evidentiary requirements as zina).

  6. Eating or Drinking During Ramadan (in public)

    • Punishment: Discretionary measures (flogging, fines, or imprisonment).

  7. Fraud and Embezzlement (Ghasb)

    • Punishment: Restitution and discretionary penalties (imprisonment or flogging).

  8. Slander or Gossip (Ghiba and Namima)

    • Punishment: Discretionary flogging or fines.

  9. Consumption of Forbidden Foods/Drinks (e.g., pork)

    • Punishment: Discretionary penalties (flogging or fines).

  10. Abandonment of Prayer (Salah)

    • Punishment: Discretionary penalties (admonition or imprisonment).

  11. Failure to Pay Zakat (Mandatory Charity)

    • Punishment: Confiscation of wealth equivalent to zakat and further penalties.

  12. Abduction/Kidnapping (Ikhtitaf)

    • Punishment: Death, amputation, or imprisonment, depending on harm caused.

  13. Disobedience to Parents (Uquq al-Walidayn)

    • Punishment: Admonition, fines, or imprisonment.

  14. Public Disorder or Riots

    • Punishment: Discretionary penalties (flogging, imprisonment, or death).

  15. Mahr Fraud (Dowry Fraud)

    • Punishment: Restitution of dowry and discretionary penalties.

  16. Failure to Observe Hijab or Modesty (Nudity/Immodest Dress)

    • Punishment: Discretionary penalties (fines or flogging).

  17. Evasion of Justice (Hiding a Criminal)

    • Punishment: Discretionary penalties (imprisonment or fines).

    • Desecration of the Qur'an (Ihanat al-Qur'an)
    • Punishment: Death or discretionary penalties (varies by interpretation and jurisdiction).

Sources:

  • Encyclopædia Britannica

  • Amnesty International Reports

  • Human Rights Watch

  • Primary Islamic Texts (Quran and Hadith)



"One word must not be added or deleted," - Qur’an.  
The Sinners Mindset that sinfully says that Islam is flexible like Plasticine or rubber and capable of bending with posits of a contemporary reality is obfuscating, a closet enemy of Islam thus Allah ?

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