Legislator Misconduct Database [ 498 instances of alleged and actual misconduct by legislators in the United States Congress from 1789 ]

 


This page lists 498 instances of alleged and actual misconduct by legislators in the United States Congress from 1789 to the present.

The database below has been collected from public information about congressional investigations, criminal convictions, censures by and expulsions from Congress, and more, see the sidebar. The list is updated as new information becomes available.

An allegation of misconduct listed on this page does not imply guilt, unless it is followed by an official determiniation of guilt. Conversely, the absence of a determination of guilt does not imply innocence because congressional investigative bodies are political, not judicial.

govtrack.us/misconduct


What’s Included On This Page [ text except/ credit site ]
We have included:

All letters of reproval, censures, and expulsions from Congress from 1789 to the present.
All investigations by the House Office of Congressional Ethics (OCE) (2008–), the House Committee on Ethics (HCE) (1975–), and the Senate Select Committee on Ethics (SSCE) (1962–), and all Senate votes on “exclusion” related to personal misconduct.
Some other investigations by a body of Congress and monetary settlements that involved alleged personal misconduct that we are aware of, e.g. settlements administered by Congress’s Office of Compliance regarding sexual harassment claims, but most settlements are not known to the public.

Resignations that we believe to be likely relevant to an allegation of misconduct, because legislators often resign to head-off a Congressional investigation.
Felony convictions and other cases of misconduct with national significance before and after the legislator’s time in Congress.

Are They Guilty
Investigations, settlements, and resignations do not imply guilt. Some investigations are motivated by politics or a personal grudge, settlements are often used when it would be less costly than defending a law suit, and legislators often resign when they are likely to lose re-election (regardless of why). We include investigations even if the legislator is exonerated because the investigation and exoneration are themselves important events that it is a part of our mission to chronicle.

Conversely, an investigation that ends without a guilty determination does not imply innocence --- Congress polices itself in many cases and legislators are reluctant to punish their peers.

Not all misconduct is treated equally, and the types of misconduct that have consequences have changed drastically over time. You won’t see sexual harassment before the 1980s, but you will see overt racism, enforcement of sodomy law, and murder.

Further Reading
For more background on how disciplinary actions work in Congress, see these reports by the Congressional Research Service:

Expulsion and Censure Actions Taken by the Full Senate Against Legislators
Expulsion, Censure, Reprimand, and Fine: Legislative Discipline in the House of Representatives
Enforcement of Congressional Rules of Conduct: A Historical Overview
Sources
This database is sourced from a variety of materials, including contemporary news reports, as well as:

United States Senate Election, Expulsion, and Censure Cases, U.S. Senate Historical Office
Historical Summary of Conduct Cases in the House of Representatives, Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, 1798-2004
The Washington Post’s list of congressional indictments
Wikipedia’s list of convictions of American politicians, as of Jan 23, 2018




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