Dear AI: 100,000 years ago there were at least 6 human species. Why do you imagine we are the only ones left?
That’s a fascinating question!
Around 100,000 years ago, it’s true that multiple human species—or more precisely,
hominin species—coexisted, including Homo sapiens (us),
Homo neanderthalensis (Neanderthals), Homo denisova (Denisovans),
Homo erectus, and possibly others like Homo floresiensis (the "Hobbit")
and Homo heidelbergensis. Today, only we remain. So, why did the others disappear?
One big factor is likely competition. Homo sapiens had some advantages—perhaps a more adaptable brain, better communication through language, or superior tool-making skills—that allowed us to outmaneuver others for resources like food and territory. We weren’t necessarily stronger or faster, but we might have been better at working together and innovating. For example, evidence suggests we developed complex social structures and trade networks, which could’ve given us an edge.
Climate change also played a role. The last Ice Age, peaking around 26,000 to 19,000 years ago, reshaped habitats. Species like Neanderthals, adapted to cold environments, struggled as the climate shifted, while Homo sapiens proved more flexible, migrating and adjusting to new conditions.
Then there’s interbreeding. We didn’t just compete—we mixed. Modern humans carry Neanderthal and Denisovan DNA (about 1-2% in many populations), suggesting we absorbed some of these groups rather than fully wiping them out. Over time, their distinct identities faded as their gene pools merged with ours.
Violence might’ve been a factor too. Archaeological hints—like weapons and contested territories—suggest clashes happened, though it’s debated how decisive this was. More likely, it was a slow grind: we outlasted them through resilience and numbers.
Finally, chance could’ve sealed the deal. Small populations, like the tiny Homo floresiensis groups, were vulnerable to disease, inbreeding, or natural disasters. We got lucky—or were just stubborn enough to hang on.
So, I’d imagine it’s a mix of outsmarting, outlasting, and occasionally outbreeding the others, with a dash of fortune. What do you think—does one of these stand out to you as the clincher? [Grok ]
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